| ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ︵1870 ︱ 1932︶ ᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠡᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠪᠡ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠦᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠃ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ | ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ | 20 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠷᠬᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠠᠩ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠦᠡᠭ ᠷᠧᠨ | ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠪᠤᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1932 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠴᠢ ᠱᠸᠦ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠡᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠢᠵᠠᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠭᠦᠴᠢᠷᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠦᠯᠦᠰᠦ ᠭᠦᠴᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠤ | ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠴᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠮᠫᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠰᠠᠷ ᠠᠵᠢᠯ ᠭᠢᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1897 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠮᠫᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠭᠦᠳᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠳᠡᠷ᠂ ᠲᠦᠪ ᠶᠡᠭᠡᠮᠰᠦᠭ ᠲᠦᠷᠭᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ ᠪᠤᠵᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠡᠷᠠ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ | ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ︽ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠷᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠴᠠ ᠠᠮᠠᠷᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ | ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ | | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1905 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠡᠮᠫᠢᠯ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠬᠴᠠᠷᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ︽ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠢ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠰᠢᠪᠠ︔ ᠭᠡᠪᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1909 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ︽ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠡᠷᠢ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠭᠯᠡᠨ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠢᠢᠷᠠ | ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠴᠤᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠪᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵ | 1910 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠫᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ | ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1913 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ 1 ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨᠵᠢᠮᠢᠳᠦᠪ ᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠶᠢᠦ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠦᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ︔ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠢ ᠺᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠭᠦᠡᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠭᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠨᠠ ᠭᠦᠡᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ︾ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠳᠠᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1916 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨᠵᠢᠮᠢᠳᠦᠪ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠋ᠧᠴᠢᠷ ᠨᠢ 9 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ᠂ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠳᠬᠤᠪᠠ︔ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1925 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨ᠋ᠧᠴᠢᠷ | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠲᠠᠭᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠮᠦᠰᠦᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠬᠡᠪᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1911 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦ᠋ ᠲᠦᠰᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ | ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠦᠡᠭᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠤ 50 ᠳ᠋ᠠᠨ | ᠲᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠬᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢᠯᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ | ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠡᠪᠰᠡᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠡᠪᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ 56 ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ | ᠰᠠᠭᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠠᠮᠤᠷᠵᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠠ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠭᠦ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠴᠠᠬᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠤᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠰᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠮᠳᠠ᠂ ᠹᠦ᠋ ᠭᠦ᠋ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠡᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨᠪᠸᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠡᠯᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩ ᠶᠦᠸᠧ ᠰᠢᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤᠭᠢ ᠵᠦᠷᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠭᠦ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠲᠠᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1916 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠯᠢᠨ᠂ ᠯᠢᠦ ᠰᠧ | ᠯᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠪᠠ︔ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1922 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠲ᠋ᠤᠩ ᠮᠠ ᠹᠦ᠋ | ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠮ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠧᠯᠢᠩ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠭᠧ ᠯᠤᠤ ᠬᠤᠢ︾ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠵᠧᠨ ᠤ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠢ ᠨᠤᠮᠤᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠩᠰᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1915 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠬᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠢᠩᠭᠠ | ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠫᠦᠰᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠠ ᠲᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠢᠢᠷᠠ ᠬᠠᠪᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠯᠵᠢᠶᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠢᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠭᠢᠯᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠢ | ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠡᠭᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠲ᠋ᠤᠩ ᠼᠠᠢ ᠴᠸᠡᠭ ᠰᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠠᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ | ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠵᠢᠯᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠬᠳᠠᠷ ᠢ ︽ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠶᠢᠳᠴᠦ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠨᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠤᠬᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠮᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠢ ᠦᠷᠨᠢᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠦᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠨᠰᠢ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠬᠢ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ︽ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠢᠩ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1922 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠮᠠᠨ ᠮᠦᠡᠭᠭᠦᠨ ᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ | ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠷᠤᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠰᠡᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1925 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠮᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ | ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠷᠰᠢᠯ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠵᠠᠪ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠬᠠᠮᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢ ᠽᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ | ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1928 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠨ ᠶᠠᠩ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠸᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠭᠢᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠵᠠᠪ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ | ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠯᠠᠬᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ︽ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠠᠮ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠦᠢᠮᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ︾ ᠶᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠵᠠᠪ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1930 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠭᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢ ᠽᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠵᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ | ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠡᠭ ᠷᠧᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠢ | ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠡᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ | ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1932 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢ ᠽᠢ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠦᠪᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠴᠢ ᠱᠸᠦ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨᠭᠠᠷ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠡᠳᠦᠪᠠ᠃ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢ ᠱᠸᠦ ᠱᠠᠨ | ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠤᠷᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠲᠡᠷᠠ 63 ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ | |