| ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ︵1832 — 1900 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠴᠢᠩᠬᠢᠰ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1852 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠰᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵1862 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠱᠠᠨ ᠰᠢ ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠰᠢᠬᠦᠯᠵᠡᠢ︔ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ︔ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ | ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1884 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠳᠤᠷᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠬᠠᠮᠠᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠳᠤ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1844 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠷᠠ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ︔ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵1851ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ | ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠴᠢᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠬᠳᠤᠷᠰᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠵᠠᠢ︔ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ | ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | | ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳᠡᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ | ᠂ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠭ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠬᠦᠩ | ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠭᠡᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵ | 1862 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠡᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ | ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠰᠤᠶᠢᠶᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵1862 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1871 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠯᠠᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ | ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠤ | ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨᠵᠢᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠳᠤᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 686 ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠮᠠ ᠣᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠤᠶᠢᠷᠠᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ︔ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠪᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ | ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠦᠯᠢᠶᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ | ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ1000 ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠮᠠ ᠣᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩᠺᠸᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠸᠧᠢ ᠾᠧᠩ | ᠴᠧᠩ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠧᠩᠺᠸᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ 400 ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠬᠢᠵᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠯᠡᠨ᠂ ᠨᠢᠩᠰᠢᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠮᠤ ᠬᠦᠨᠡᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ︔ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠮᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠯᠢᠩ | ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠴᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠮᠧᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠷᠠ | ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠳᠤ ᠵᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1868 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠨᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ᠂ | ᠱᠠᠨᠰᠢ ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠡᠷᠦᠩᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠬᠴᠢ ᠽᠦᠸᠧ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠱᠠᠨᠰᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠨ᠂ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠠ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ | ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠳ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮᠰᠠᠷᠡᠩ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ᠂ ᠤᠳᠠᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ᠂ ᠴᠠᠩ ᠳᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠵᠠᠢ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠦᠮ ᠳᠤᠶᠢᠮᠠᠷᠳᠡᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ | ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 1000 ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ᠂ 500 ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠬᠤᠵᠢᠳ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ | ᠳᠤᠶᠢᠪᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠢᠯᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠡᠯᠠ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠷᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠᠷ | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 500 | ᠭᠠᠪᠰᠢᠭᠠᠢ ᠮᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠴᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠽᠦᠸᠧ ᠽᠦᠩ ᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠨᠰᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠸᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠢ ᠪᠤᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠦᠨᠦᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ | ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠤᠳᠤᠩ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠳᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ︵1872 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠰ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠳᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠬᠤ ᠨᠤᠶᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ | ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1884 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ | ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠳᠠᠯᠪᠢᠪᠠ︔ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ 500 ᠮᠤᠷᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ | ᠤᠯᠭᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠰᠢᠮᠡᠯ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠡᠷᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠵᠡᠢ︔ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠽᠢ ᠰᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠭᠡᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠯᠴᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠳᠤᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠱᠠᠩᠨᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | | ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠯᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠬᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ | ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠭᠸᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠬᠦᠯᠡᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠤᠯ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠬᠳᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠰᠤ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ | ᠨᠡᠬᠦᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠮᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ᠂ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ︶ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠰᠡᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠷ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ︔ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵1862 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠳ᠋ᠠ ᠶᠢᠩ ᠫᠠᠨ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠸᠠ ᠵᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠤᠬᠳᠠᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ | ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ︔ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠳᠡᠷᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠭᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠰᠠᠭᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠤᠤᠷᠠᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠤᠷᠳᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠳᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ᠂ | ᠳᠦᠷᠪᠡᠳᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠳᠤᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠬᠳᠤᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠠᠳᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ | ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠤ ᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠦ ᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ︔ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1877 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠳᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠬᠳᠠᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠳᠡ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠡᠭᠡᠬᠦ᠂ ᠳᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠡᠬᠦᠮᠵᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠ ᠨᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠤᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ | ᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠰᠦᠷ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ 1874 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠰᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠵᠤ | ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠢ ᠺᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ | ᠳᠤᠭᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠮᠰᠤᠭ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ | ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠨ ᠤᠨ ︵1875 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠺᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠡᠵᠢ ᠱᠧᠩ ᠰᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠢ | ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠮᠠ ᠯᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠴᠧᠩ ᠲᠠ ︵ᠤᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠤᠳᠤᠬᠤᠢ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠯᠢᠤ ᠵᠢᠶᠠ ᠲᠠ ᠳᠤᠰᠬᠤᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠺᠠᠲ᠋ᠤᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠧᠯᠬᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠳ᠋ᠧ ᠮᠢᠩ ᠢᠤᠢ ᠵᠡᠬᠦᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠬᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ︵1900 ᠤᠨ︶ ᠤ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠤᠯᠤᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠨᠠᠭᠠᠷᠤᠳᠢ 69 | ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠪᠠ᠃ |